The crypto industry's anticipated "Q-Day" for quantum computing threats may arrive sooner, with Google now planning for a 2029 horizon. The Ethereum Foundation's post-quantum (PQ) roadmap highlights the primary threat as forged signatures enabling theft and impersonation, rather than just cryptographic algorithm selection. The most exposed surfaces include user accounts (EOAs), high-value operational keys at exchanges, bridges, and custody hot wallets. Account Abstraction, specifically EIP-4337, is identified as EF's main execution-layer migration path, already supporting millions of smart wallets. While EF's timeline places L1 protocol upgrades around 2029, full execution-layer migration will take longer. The Global Risk Institute's survey indicates an accelerating timeline for cryptographically relevant quantum computers, shifting post-quantum readiness from research to a near-cycle execution challenge for various Web3 entities.

The crypto industry's anticipated "Q-Day" for quantum computing threats may arrive sooner, with Google now planning for a 2029 horizon. The Ethereum Foundation's post-quantum (PQ) roadmap highlights the primary threat as forged signatures enabling theft and impersonation, rather than just cryptographic algorithm selection. The most exposed surfaces include user accounts (EOAs), high-value operational keys at exchanges, bridges, and custody hot wallets. Account Abstraction, specifically EIP-4337, is identified as EF's main execution-layer migration path, already supporting millions of smart wallets. While EF's timeline places L1 protocol upgrades around 2029, full execution-layer migration will take longer. The Global Risk Institute's survey indicates an accelerating timeline for cryptographically relevant quantum computers, shifting post-quantum readiness from research to a near-cycle execution challenge for various Web3 entities.